Avoiding op-amp output saturation error by keeping op-amp outputs “live” and below zero volts is a job where a few milliamps and volts (or even fractions of one ...
Zero-drift amplifiers dynamically correct their offset voltage and reshape noise density. Two commonly used types—auto-zero amplifiers and choppers—achieve nanovolt-level offsets and extremely low ...
A sensor typically produces low output voltage and requires a signal conditioning circuit with high gain and accurate dc performance. However, offset voltage, drift, and 1/f noise in amplifiers cause ...