Surface properties dictate a vast array of material characteristics that are crucial to performance, durability, and intended functionality across diverse industries. Properties such as friction, wear ...

ISS involves the bombardment of a surface with a beam of ions, typically noble gas ions like helium or neon, under vacuum conditions. When these ions collide with the sample surface, they are either ...

This article evaluates bulk analysis and scratch analysis methods for particle dispersion, highlighting the superiority of ...